胡锦涛访美：号召中美摒弃“零和”冷战思维

Hu: China, US must give up 'zero-sum Cold War thinking'

导读：中国国家主席胡锦涛在访美前夕接受美国媒体书面采访时表示，“首先，中美双方应加强对话与接触，建立战略互信；其次，中美双方应摒弃零和冷战思维，并以客观、理性地看待彼此的发展。”

BEIJING: Ahead of his visit, Chinese President Hu Jintao has warned that China and the US stand to lose from confrontation under a "zero-sum Cold War mentality" and underlined that both sides would gain if they pursued sound bilateral ties.

Billed as the most significant ever since moderate Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping's visit in 1979 which had set off vibrant economic ties propelling China into high trajectory growth rate, Hu's four-day visit beginning Tuesday is aimed at bringing down the rising tension on a host of political, economic and military issues.

"We both stand to gain from a sound China-US relationship, and lose from confrontation," Hu said in written responses to questions from the media. "First, we should increase dialogue and contact and enhance strategic mutual trust. Second, we should abandon the zero-sum Cold War mentality and view each other's development in an objective and sensible way."

President Hu Jintao of China was honored Wednesday night with a state dinner at the White House given by President Obama and his wife, Michelle.

中国国家主席胡锦涛出席美国总统奥巴马及夫人米歇尔于当时时间星期三在白宫举行的国宴

背景知识 Background

零和(zero sum)。赌博中，双方相同的获胜概率。这个词也经常用在政治中，两个国家的势均力敌的实力可以被称作“零和”。

“零和”是博弈论的一个概念，意思是双方博弈，一方得利必然意味着另一方吃亏，一方得益多少，另一方就吃亏多少，双方得失相抵，总数为零，所以称为“零和”。

“零和”理论认为，世界是一个封闭的系统，财富、资源、机遇都是有限的，个别人、个别地区和个别国家财富的增加必然意味着对其他人、其他地区和其他国家的掠夺。这是一个“邪恶进化论”式的弱肉强食的世界。胜利者的光荣背后隐藏着失败者的辛酸和苦涩。

What does Zero Sum mean?

In game theory and economic theory, zero-sum describes a situation in which a participant's gain or loss is exactly balanced by the losses or gains of the other participant(s). If the total gains of the participants are added up, and the total losses are subtracted, they will sum to zero. Zero-sum can be thought of more generally as constant sum where the benefits and losses to all players sum to the same value of money (or utility). Cutting a cake is zero- or constant-sum, because taking a larger piece reduces the amount of cake available for others. In contrast, non-zero-sum describes a situation in which the interacting parties' aggregate gains and losses is either less than or more than zero. Zero-sum games are also called strictly competitive.

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